1990: Class 4 Automata: Do they exist?

Read this early paper:  Intern. J. Modern Physics C 1, 181-191(1990) [777 kb]

ABSTRACT: We study the one-dimensional totalistic rule 20 with five cells per neighborhood. We find two transients both characterized by finite correlation lengths. The first transient of about 100 time-steps terminates in the glider phase. Collision of gliders determine the second transient of about 30,000 time-steps. The final state has a finite magnetization and is indistinguishable from class 2 behaviour.

2003: Non Binary rules and Class 4

Read the   Abstract of Lecture in "Complexity 2003", Aix-en-Provence, France.

2004: Der Stammbaum des «Künstlichen Lebens»

Alexander Schatten: very nice CA tutorial and more

2005: Emergence of spatio-temporal order in rule 20